When shopping for an e-bike, one of the most important—and often misunderstood—components is the sensor system that tells the motor when and how much assistance to provide. At the core of this system are cadence sensors and torque sensors, two technologies that deliver very different ride experiences. Understanding how each works can help you choose the right e-bike for your riding style, terrain, and budget. What Do E-Bike Sensors Do? E-bike sensors communicate your pedaling input to the motor controller, which then determines how much power to draw from the battery and send to the motor. While both cadence and torque sensors serve this same purpose, they gather and interpret rider input in very different ways—resulting in distinct ride characteristics. What Is a Cadence Sensor? A cadence sensor measures how fast you are pedaling, not how hard. It typically uses a series of magnets that rotate with the crankset and a hall sensor that detects those magnets as they pass. Once the sensor detects crank rotation, it signals the motor controller to activate the motor. Cadence sensors range in sophistication. Basic versions simply detect whether you’re pedaling or not, while higher-quality cadence sensors—like those used on the Priority E-Coast and eClassic Plus—provide more detailed information about crank rotation. This allows for smoother engagement and a more refined ride feel compared to entry-level systems. Benefits of Cadence Sensors More affordable than torque sensors Simple design that’s easy to install, service, and replace Compatible with a wide range of bike and motor configurations Requires minimal pedaling force to activate, creating a relaxed, low-effort ride feel Drawbacks of Cadence Sensors Less natural ride feel, as motor assistance is not proportional to pedaling force Can feel more “on/off” rather than smoothly responsive Less efficient in some situations, since the motor may deliver more power than needed What Is a Torque Sensor? A torque sensor measures how hard you are pedaling. It uses a strain gauge that detects tiny deformations in the bike’s structure—typically in the bottom bracket, motor housing, or drivetrain—caused by pedaling force. The harder you push, the more assistance the motor provides. Torque sensors are commonly integrated into mid-drive motors, mounted in the bottom bracket, or, in some designs like the Priority Skyline, incorporated into the rear hub system. Benefits of Torque Sensors Highly natural ride feel that mirrors your pedaling effort Motor assistance feels like a seamless extension of your legs More efficient power delivery, using only what you ask for Greater control, especially in varied terrain and hills Drawbacks of Torque Sensors Significantly more expensive than cadence sensors More complex to package and integrate into different bike designs Requires more rider input and better gear use Can feel demanding for beginners or riders seeking a very low-effort experience Ghost Pedaling (or “Sailing”) Explained One unique characteristic of cadence-sensing e-bikes is ghost pedaling, sometimes called sailing. This happens when a rider lightly spins the pedals just enough to activate the sensor—without actually applying meaningful force to the drivetrain. The motor remains engaged, allowing the bike to maintain higher speeds with very little rider effort. While this can feel less natural, many riders appreciate it as a practical feature, especially for cruising or keeping pace without exertion. This behavior is specific to cadence sensors and isn’t possible with torque-sensing systems. Which Sensor Is Right for You? A cadence sensor is a great choice if you: Are shopping on a budget Ride mostly on flat terrain Want a simple, easygoing riding experience Prefer minimal effort and straightforward operation A torque sensor is ideal if you: Want the most natural, bike-like ride feel Enjoy an athletic or performance-oriented experience Ride in hilly areas or variable terrain Value efficiency, control, and responsiveness Neither sensor is inherently “better”—they’re simply designed for different riders and riding goals. Cadence sensors excel at delivering a casual, accessible e-bike experience, while torque sensors shine for riders who want a more engaging and efficient connection between their pedaling and the motor. By understanding these differences, you can confidently choose the Priority e-bike that best fits how—and where—you ride.